Sibi is a small town in the present western Balochistan province of Pakistan. It was once the head quarter of Sewistan province of Sindh kingdome and was named after the hindu tribe Sewa which inhabited here before 1880 when British laid out plans for the Railways and made Sibbi an important post of theirs. British named the new town as Sandemandabad after Sir Robert Sandeman popular british officer who ruled Dera Ghazi Khan and had organized pacts with Khan of Kalat to establish ties with Balouch chiefs of tribes. Sibi has been a meeting point for Balouch chiefs and public since centuries, even today every 4th & 5th of February a Horse & cattle show is organised which is in continuation of the ancient annual meeting of all the chiefs of Balouchistan. The Horse & Cattle show is a great occasion to see Balouch people and the herds and know the culture of Balouchistan. Sibi is also an interesting spot if you are driving from Quetta to Sukkur or vice versa        History of Sibi The history of the town goes back to 13th century and due to its exposed position between the mouths of the Harnai and Bolan passes it had suffered frequent assaults and sieges - including one by the British in 1841. During British rule the town became an important junction on the Sind-Peshin railway where the Harnai line and the Quetta loop line meet, near the entrance of the Bolan Pass, 88 m southeast of Quetta. According to the 1901 census of India the population of Sibi was 4551. In 1903 the Victoria Memorial Hall was built from public funds, a piped water supply to the town was provided by military funds from the river Nari at a cost of Rs.115,000. Sibi is a historical city of Balochistan. It is sometimes also known as Sivi[citation needed], purportedly named for a Hindu princess. Most of its population belong to Panni Pashtuns, Panni is the branch of Ghourghust and brother of a famous Pashtun tribe Kakar. Sibi is an agricultural city. Pashtoons (Panni) are the owner of 98% of landmass, while 2% land is owned by Balochs. There is also a historical fort in Sibi. This fort was built in the period on Hindu Rule and still exist in a bad condition Tours of Sibbi Sibbi is visited as a stop over during the journey from Sukkur to Quetta The imortant place to visit is the Sibbi Museum and the little bazaar in the city. One can also have an excursion of Sibbi either from Quetta or Sukkur.

Mastung city

Mastung used to be a sub-division of Kalat district. Due to administrative reasons, it was separated from Kalat in July 1991 and was given the status of a district. From 18 February 1992 Mastung has functioned as a separate district. The district derives its name from the locality Mastung. According to locals “Mastung” is made up of two words Mas and Tung. In Brahvi language Mas means mountain and Tung means hole. Mastung is situated at the bottom of Lack pass. When someone crosses the Lack Pass from Quetta, before entering into Mastung city, he feels that he is passing through a hole. Mastung was given another name (Khudabad) by Ahmedzai Khan but it was
never popular. The district Mastung consists of two sub-divisions: Mastung and Kardgap. There are four tehsils: Mastung, Dasht, Kardgap and Khad Kucha. The district is divided into 13 Patwar circles and 280 Muzas. Pre-colonial History Little is known of the history of Mastung up to 977 AD, i.e. before the conquest of Balochistan by Mahmood Ghaznavi. History reveals that Muslim rulers ruled Balochistan from about the 7th century onward. It is likely that the Sewas, who belonged to the Rai-dynasty of Sindh, were ruling the Kalat State before the 7th century. It is most likely that the Sewas may have obtained the possession of Kalat after the
fall of Sultan Feroz Dhoh of Delhi. The Sewas were Hindus who were deprived of power in Sindh about the middle of the
15th century. Between 1530 and 1545 Mastung was part of Kandahar Sarkar which at that time was under the rule of Kamran Khan. It was in the summer of 1543 that Emperor Humayyun on his retreat from India came to Mastung via Sibi. He camped in a garden close to Mastung (Pringabad). Humayyun had to leave his son Akbar, who was only one year old, in Pringabad and escaped with his party via Nushki to Garmsel and Herat (Afghanistan). On Humayyun’s return, two years later, Kandahar again came under his rule. Between 1556-1595 Kandahar and its dependencies remained under the Safavid dynasty and later it was again acquired by the Mughals. During the period of Mughal emperor Akbar, Mastung was a part of the eastern division of Kandahar Sarkar. The Ain-I-Akbari (Akbari Law) mentions Mastung as having a mud fort and paying an annual revenue of 10 Tumans and 8,000 Dinars in money and 470 Kharwars in grain, and as furnishing a contingent of 100 horses and 500 foot. The decay of the Mughal power coincides with the rise of the Brahuis to a position of near independence. This state of affairs remained for twelve generations till the rise of Mir Ahmed who ruled from 1695 to 1696. At this time, Mastung was the capital of Kalat state and was under Nadir Shah who used to appoint the Khan. In 1736, he appointed Mir Muhabat as Khan of Kalat. Ahmed Shah Abdali was the successor of Nadir Shah. Ahmed Shah Abdali despatched a force against Mastung in 1749. Mir Muhabat was defeated. Mir Nasir Khan was nominated in his place. From that time till
1839 Khanship remained in the younger branch of the family. Nasir Khan ruled for 44 years from 1750 to 1794 and is the historical hero of the Brahuis. He is known as “The Great”. During his reign he rendered much assistance to Ahmed Shah in his numerous expeditions to Persia and India. Ahmed Shah bestowed Quetta, Mastung, Harrand and Dajal on Nasir Khan “The Great”. In 1839 when Mehrab Khan was Khan of Kalat, the British army attacked and took Kalat. In 1854 a first treaty was signed between the Khan and the British. The British received some concessions, including permission to build railway and telegraph lines through Kalat territory. This situation prevailed till the partition of the sub-continent. The Khan of Kalat announced to merge his state with Pakistan and in 1958 Kalat state was incorporated in Pakistan. Since then, Kalat and Mastung are parts of Balochistan.

The ancient city Chaghi

The district derives its name from “Chagai” a village on the western border of the Lora Hamun. The legend attributes the origin of the name to the numerous wells (Chahas) which are said to have formerly existed in the vicinity. Very little is known about the ancient history of Chagai. The earliest monuments are the ruins of terraced embankments. These are found at the foot of the Ras-Koh hills; they are ascribed to the fire-worshippers, who are
said to have been the inhabitants of this area more than two thousand years ago. The next traces of ancient history are the square shaped tombs in the western areas of the district, which are attributed by the local traditions to the Kianian dynasty of Iran. The remains of the ruined forts and karezes found in different parts of the district are assigned to the Arabs. These are also sometimes attributed to the Mughals and in any case indicate the presence of a richer civilisation than is now found among the Baloch and Brahvi inhabitants of the district. The Baloch are perhaps the oldest inhabitants of the district, who according to themselves migrated from Aleppo. The Brahvis, about whose origin there are different theories, must have moved towards the north from their original home in Kalat District and settled down in pockets with a major concentration in the Nushki area. Both the Brahvi and Baloch appear to have been firmly established in the beginning of the 16th century, as is seen from a narrative of the
flight of the Mughal Emperor Hamayun along the valley of the Hilman to Seistan in 1543. From the middle to the end of the 16th century, the district remained under the rule of the Safavid dynasty. Later it appears in history as part of the Mughal Empire and with the downfall of the Mughal power, the northern portion of the Nushki was annexed to the territories of Khan of Kalat, Mir Abdullah Khan (1716 - 1730). In 1733 Sher Khan the Baloch, Chief of Nushki, submitted to Mir Hassan, the second son of Mir Wais and the founder of the Ghilzai dynasty. Mir Hassan ruled the adjacent Pathan area now forming Quetta and Pishin districts, and compelled the Baloch and Brahvi tribes to tender their allegiance to. A few years later, Nadir Shah sent an expedition against Nushki under Muhammad Ali Beg, who inflicted a severe defeat on the Baloch near Shorawak. In 1740 Nadir Shah conferred Nushki as a fief upon the chief of Kharan. Later it was retaken by Mir Nasir Khan, the great Brahvi ruler (1750-1793) and Nushki became a Niabat of the then Kalat State and remained so for about a century. The advent of the British in this area commenced with the British agreement of 1878 with the Khan of Kalat. Subsequently as a result of the partial survey and definitions of the western boundary with Iran from Kuhak to Koh-i- Malik Siah and demarcation of the Afghan
Baloch boundary in 1896, the western Sanjrani (present Dalbandin sub-division and Nokkundi Tehsil) became part of Kalat State. In November, 1896 the first British Political Agent of Chagai was appointed. Nushki continued to be Niabat to Kalat State. Three years later, however
the Niabat of Nushki was leased by the British from the Khan on an annual rent of Rs. 9,000. The management of the Niabat was handed over on the 1st July, 1899 to the British Government. This was done with giving all the rights and privileges, as well as full and exclusive revenue, civil and criminal jurisdiction, including all rights to levy dues and tolls. From July, 1899 to the 13th August, 1947 the district remained under the British Government. After independence in 1947 and after the declaration of Balochistan as a province in 1970, Chagai became a district within Quetta Division The only features of archaeological interest in the district are the remains of ancient forts, karezes, dams and cupolas. Their history is not known and they are ascribed by the inhabitants indiscriminately to either the Arabs or the Mughals. In Dalbandin Tehsil there are ruins of several cupolas in the neighbourhood of Padag and Zarala. There are several well known shrines in the district. The most important of these are the shrines of Sayyad Bala Nosh near Chagai and that of Sher Jan Agha near Keshingi. The other shrines are of Pir Sultan, Sheikh Hussain, Sayyad Khawaja Ahmad, etc. The Ziarat Ghaibi, Zinda Pir and Chil Ghazi situated in the Nushki Tehsil are also quite famous

Makran the historical city

Historical city of balochistan makran

Makran (Persian: ﻥﺍﺮﮑﻣ ) is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. The Persian phrase Mahi khoran, (Fish eaters and Ichthyophagoi i.e. Fish eaters in Greek)
which has become the modern word Makran [1]. The narrow coastal plain rises very rapidly into several mountain ranges. The area possesses a very dry climate with very low rainfall. Makran is very sparsely inhabited, with much of the population being concentrated in a string of small ports including Chah Bahar, Gwatar, Jiwani, Gwadar (not to be confused with Gwatar), Pasni, Ormara and many smaller fishing villages. The total length of the coastline is about 1,000 km (of which 750 km is in Pakistan).

The Pakistani government is currently
developing Ormara as a major new naval base and Gwadar as a major new commercial port as well as a new
highway along the entire length of the
coast. These projects have been prompted by the commercial and military bottleneck at Karachi. The new naval base at Ormara
will host about half of the Pakistani Navy, whilst Gwadar is planned to reduce the pressure on the two international ports at
Karachi. The Iranian government did plan to develop Chah Bahar in the 1970's, but the toppling of the Shah put an end to those plans. One of the earliest historical references
to the area is the crossing by the army of Alexander the Great during its return from South Asia, as recorded in the journals of Nearchos. According to
Nearchos, Alexander had wanted to surpass the achievements of Queen
Semiramis and Cyrus the Great, whose
attempts to cross the desert with armieshad ended in disaster. However it has also been suggested it was necessary to take this route to travel in support of the Greek fleet. According to Plutarch, only one quarter of the Alexander's army survived
the journey. From the 15th century onward, the area was ruled by indigenous Zikri families
and sometimes by the Iranian
government. In the late 18th century, the Khan of Kalat is said to have granted sanctuary at Gwadar to one of the claimants for the throne of Muscat. When that claimant became Sultan, he kepthold of Gwadar, installing a governor, who eventually led an army to conquer the city of Chah Bahar some 200 kilometres to the west. The sultanate held onto the Makran coast
throughout the period of British pre-
eminence in South Asia, but eventually
only Gwadar was left in the hands of the sultan. On the formation of Pakistan, Makran became a district within the province of Balochistan, minus an area of 800 km² around Gwadar. The enclave was
finally transferred in 1958 to Pakistani
control as part of the district of Makran.
The entire region has been subdivided
into new smaller districts over the years. The coast of Makran possesses only one island, Astola Island, near Pasni, and several insignificant islets. The coastline
can be divided into an eastern lagoon
coastline and a western embayed
coastline. The main lagoons are Miani Hor and Kalamat Hor. The main bays of the embayed coast are Gwadar West Bay and Gwadar Bay. This latter bay shelters a large mangrove forest and the nesting grounds of endangered turtle species.

The great city quetta

The name Quetta originates from the Pashto word Kwatta which means a fort. In the beginning, the town was situated within the walls of fort "A Miri" which is now used as an arsenal. The district is bounded on the north by district Pishin; on the east by Ziarat; on the south by Mastung and on the west by district Killa Abdullah. Till the middle of the eighteenth century, the history of Quetta district is identical with the history of Kandahar. In the eleventh century it was part of the Graeco-Bactrian empire. After that it remained under the Kingdom of the Amir Sabuktagain and Mahmood Ghaznavi till the thirteenth century. In 1470, the Kandahar Kingdom was succeeded by Timur's. Between 1530 and 1545, the Province of Kandahar was in the possession of Mirza Kamran (The brother of a Mughal ruler). In1622 the Kingdom was brought under the sway of the Safavid dynasty and remained there until 1709. Later Ghilzai came into power and ruled the area. Thereafter, Quetta was transferred to Nadir. Later on history relates that Ahmed Shah Durrani finally conferred Quetta to the Khan of Kalat as a shall (present). The British Government occupied Quetta during the first Afghan war in 1839. Just after three years, in 1842, it came back into the hands of Khan
of Kalat. Due to its strategic importance, it was reoccupied by Sir Robert Sandeman in 1876.

On 26 May, 1876, a treaty was signed by Amir Yaqoob Khan of Afghanistan with the British Government at Gandamak. Thus the conflict which emerged as a result of the first and second Afghan war came to an end. In 1883, Quetta was formed into a separate single administrative unit (Quetta - Pishin district). Due to its geo-strategic importance, the British built Quetta as a garrison town. They extended the roads and railway network to Afghanistan and Iran. This situation remained unchanged till the partition of the Sub-continent in 1947. Under the one-unit system from 1955 to 1970, Quetta and Kalat were the administrative units in West Pakistan. After abolishing the unitary system, Quetta was declared as Capital of Balochistan. Till 1975, Quetta and Pishin were a single administrative unit. In that year Pishin was declared a separate district. Very little is known about the human settlement in the district. However, it is certain that the Afghans and Brahuis are recent immigrants. The Pashtoons appear to have entered the district from the north east, emigrating from their home round the Takht-i- Sulaman. Kasis (A branch of Afghan) are said to have migrated from their home around the Takht-i-Sulaman about eight centuries ago. They made their first settlement at Samli, a village near Quetta city. The Brahuis are an offshoot from the Kalat territory and their presence in the district dates back to the eighteenth century. With the passage of time, Quetta began to expand and soon it turned into a beautiful small town. The British paid special attention to its cleanliness. However, 31 May, 1935 was a black day in the history of Quetta. An earthquake destroyed Quetta city completely. The Cantonment area survived to a great extent.

The reconstruction started soon after. Till 1947 Quetta was a small town. People used to call it small London. But rapid population growth in terms of rural - urban migration, and influx of Indian refugees increased the population at Quetta. Influx of Afghan refugees during the 1980s helped the slums to grow. New settlement in the form of housing schemes emerged at Satellite Town, Jinnah Town, Samungli Town, Model Town and Shahbaz Town. In Kachi Abadies, slums also begun to develop. The process of settlement continues. Now Quetta has turned into an over-populated city . There are some mounds and karezes of ancient time in the district. The most important archaeological site is a Quetta Miri (a mass of indurated clay). The base of Miri is 183 meter long by 122 meter wide and rises 24.4 meter above the plain. The Miri is now used as an Arsenal. Among other noticeable mounds are one between Katir
and Kuchlak, known as the Kasiano Dozakh, Tor Ghund near Baleli and Tor Wasi between Panjpai and Muhammad Khel. Besides, some karezes of archaeological interest are found at Kirani, Sariab and Kachi Baig at www.pirate-baloch.blogspot.com

The legend MIR CHAKAR RIND

Mir Chakar Khan Rind Chakar-i-
Azam (1468 – 1565)
was a Baloch chieftain in the 15th century. He is
considered a folk hero of the Baloch
people and an important figure in the
Baloch epic Hani and Sheh Mureed. Mir
Chakar lived in Sevi (the modern city
of Sibi) in the hills of Balochistan and became the head of Rind tribe at the age
of 18 after the death of his father Mir
Shahak Khan. Mir Chakar's fiefdom was
short-lived because of a civil war between
the Lashari and Rind tribes of Balochistan.
[2] Mir Chakar and Mir Gwaharam Khan Lashari, head of the Lashari tribe, went to
war that resulted in thousands dead,
including Mir Chakar's brother. The war
and the gallantry of the two tribe leaders
continues to be a part of the Baloch
peoples' history. After the "Thirty Years' War" against the Lashari Tribe,[3] After
the defeating Lashari tribe, Mir Chakar
Rind went to war against Afghan King
Sher Shah Suri. Mir Chakar Rind was
defeated and he left Balochistan and
settled in the Punjab region in 1518. Mir Chakar settled in Satghara in Sahiwal
District and gained power and respect in
the area. Afghan King Sher Shah Suri
approached Mir Chakar to unite with him
to consolidate his gains. Mir Chakar
appreciated the offer but refused to help Sher Shah Suri and managed to elude
Afghan armies. Under the command of
his son, Mir Shahdad Khan, his forces
instead joined the Mughal army of
Emperor Humayun in 1555 after a long
exile in Persia. Emperor Humayun came back, recaptured Delhi, and ousted the
Suri dynasty in 1556. As a reward,
Emperor Humayun conferred a vast Jagir,
including horses and slaves, to Mir Chakar.
Mir Chakar Rind died in 1565. People who
accompanied Mir Chakar to Satghara after leaving Balochistan constructed a tomb
for his body. Many members of Mir
Chakar's tribe still
live in (satghara)sahiwal district. shahid
rajab khan rind baloch and his brother
nawaz rajab khan rind baloch advocate from 100/9-L are currently represent rind
in sahiwal district. in southern Punjab to
this day and speak Sulemani Balochi or
the Seraiki language ; they still exert
considerable influence in the daily affairs
of the district. The Rind tribe is one of oldest and largest Baloch tribes. Its
members are spread all
over Balochistan, including the western
(Iranian) Balochistan. With the passage
of time, Rind clans have been formed.
Domkhi|Domki|Dombki]] tribe in Sevi, Sibi,Bakhtiarabad, Bakhshapur , distt:
Kashmore Sindh, Leghari tribe in Dera
Ghazi Khan, Bugti and Marri tribes in
eastern Balochistan and Askanis along
the coastline.

Moola valley

More then 80 km away from Khuzdar there is a beautiful village called Moola. Moola is a Tehsil of District Khuzdar. Its population is more then 20000 thousand. It has hottest places in the country like Sibi and Dhadar, where temperature shoots up to over 120 °F, as well as coldest towns like Quetta, Kalat, Ziarat, Kan Mehtarzai where mercury falls down much below freezing point
Balochi is a generalized term, for the people include the Dravidian-speaking Brahui possibly the last descendants of the Indus Civilization, and the Jat or Zutt, an Indo Aryan speaking people of Indian origin. Most people speak Brabui. Which is renowned on account of its
colossal mountains, streams, springs and waterfalls, rice, date, fish. Sub Tehsil Moola consist of many small villages and town Such as Goerowe, Nahr, Manjalove, Upper Hossoi, Lower Hossoi, Peer lakhah, Paetame, Hayrav, Kharzan, Hitachi, Jahan, Parewande, Khohive and many other small villages and town. Moola is famous due to historical place as well as its geographical location. it is the get way between central Balochistan and west Balochistan, Sindh and Iran. People opt this way (Moola Pass) because it is the shortest distance between central Balochistan and sindh. Ruins of Thore khear, Hatachi, Hayrav, Kial
Beig and Pasta Khan reveal the belonging of Moola to the 2000-year-old civilization. The things found from these ruins show the prosperity and civilization of that
area. They were ccivilized and good architects. They used to live in the caves and stone made building. They kept cattle's and flocks. Different kinds of utensil, toys, statues and idles made up of mud and stone have been found from this area. Instead of these things, many types of ornament are found, made up of animal bones and stone. The people of this area sail these precious things at low cost or throw them considering useless. If Agrological Department pay attention towards these ruins then it will helpful know the historical background of these ruins. Moola River is the biggest river of Jalawan. Its origin exists in mountains of Dist Khuzdar. It flows through out the year. Local people make bounds to use the water of this river for irrigation and daily requirements. It irrigates a vast area. Fish is also found in this river that is why fishing is the one of the best hobbies of the people of this area. Most of the people of this zone are
related to agriculture sector and keep flock in their homes. It is also well known due to its chase crops for instance rice, wheat. Moola is also famous due to the cultivation of rice in Balochistan. Many vegetables are grown in this region such as Tomato, Pea, Ladyfinger, Onion, Sunflower, Pumpkin and Mustard etc. It is one of the place hottest place of Balochistan due the reason there are many fields of Mangos. These mangos are juicy and suitable for the manufacture of pickle. Besides mangoes there are many fields of orange, lemon, olive. Jahan is the one of the most beautiful village of Sub Tehsil moola. Its population is more than 2000 thousand. Green field of wheat and rice are spread all over the village. In this village many waterfalls are
found. Chotok is the one of biggest waterfall of Sub Thesil Moola as well as Balochistan. It is found in Jahan village. Chotok is a very beautiful waterfall. This waterfall consists of between two hills. The peaks of the hills are interacted with each other. That is why waterfall just looks like the umbrella and prevails thick dark. For this reason it attracts the tourist to itself. Its water is hot during winter season and cold during summer season. People feel pleasant there and find themselves in the imaginative world. The cause of downfall of the people of this sector is the lack of literacy rate. As the matter of fact they are unknown to the importance of literacy and education. The Govt is paying a very low attention and has not taken any suitable step yet. There is only one so-called primary
schools in the whole area. Teachers remain absent through out the year; as a result the children are deprive of education. There is only one Primary Girl School that has been closed for many years due to this the literacy rate of women in the area is zero percent. Building of many schools have turned into ruins and the process of education have not been started yet. Government of Balochistan pays ful attention to this area to improved literacy rate and attendance of teachers who never attend the schools once in a year. But they receive the dues monthly from Govt. Ministry of Education should take notice regarding to this problem. People of this area are also deprived of
health facilities. There is only one hospital
in whole Moola. Dispensaries are in few villages but without presence of health staff and medicines. Patients die before reaching the Dist hospital, due to the poor
condition of road and lack of communication recourse More than 50 commercial varieties of dates are produced here. Incidentally the Brahui language has one ~ hundred words for dates as also for camels, such as Giear dani, Puskone dani, Mohammad useafi etc

History of gwadar

The Makran region surrounding Gwadar
was occupied by unknown Bronze age
people who settled in the few oases. It
later became the Gedrosia region of the
Achaemenid Persian empire. The region
is believed to have been conquered by the founder of the Persian empire, Cyrus the
Great. The capital of the satrapy Gedrosia
was Pura, thought to have been located
near modern Bampur, in modern Iranian
Balochistan. During the homeward march
of Alexander the Great, his admiral Nearchus led a fleet along the modern
Makran coast and recorded that the area
was dry and mountainous, inhabited by
the Ichthyophagoi or Fish eaters – a Greek rendering of the ancient Persian phrase
Mahi khoran, which has become the
modern word Makran. After the collapse of Alexander ’ s empire, the area was ruled by Seleucus Nicator,
one of Alexander ’ s generals, but the region came under local rule about 303
BC. For several centuries, the region
remained at the sidelines of history, until
the Muslim Arab army under Muhammad
bin Qasim captured the town of Gwadar
in 711 AD. In the following centuries the area was contested between various
Iranian and Indian based powers
including the Mughals and the Safavids. Portuguese explorers captured and
sacked Gwadar in the late 16th century.
This was followed by centuries of local
rule by various Baloch tribes. In 1783 the
Khan of Kalat granted Gwadar to Taimur
Sultan, the defeated ruler of Muscat. When Taimur recaptured Muscat, he
continued to rule Gwadar by appointing a
wali or governor. The new governor was
ordered to conquer the nearby coastal
town of Chah Bahar (in modern Iran).
Gwadar fort was built during Omani rule, whilst telegraph lines were extended into
Gwadar courtesy of the British. In 1958,
the Gwadar enclave was transferred to
Pakistan and was made part of
Balochistan province. In 2002, Gwadar Port project to build a
large deep-sea port was begun in the
town. The government of Pakistan
intends to develop the entire area in
order to reduce reliance on Karachi for
shipping. In addition to expanding port facilities, the project aims to build
industrial complexes in the area, and to
connect the town via a modern highway
to the rest of Pakistan. The People ’ s Republic of China is providing help on the
project, and the first phase was
completed by the end of 2004.

A Breif history pakistani oppression against baloch people

people The People of Balochistan struggle for
right of self-determination has its
genesis in history and culture. Strongly
believer of independent, the people of
Balochistan have never accepted
hegemony and domination of Pakistani establishment in any stage in 55 years
history of Pakistan. We Baloch never accepted alien
domination of Punjabi supremacy. We
have been engaged in a constant struggle
for self governance since last 55 years
which resulted in sever military operation
by Pakistani Army in Balochistan and forced migration and displacement of
thousands of Baloch ’ s to Afghanistan and other parts of the world. Let me tell you the brief history of
Pakistani oppression against Baloch
people and our struggle against the
tyrants. This history begins when Balochistan was
forcefully annexed to Pakistan though at
that time Balochistan had its own
Parliamentary system. It had its own
House of Commons and House of Lords.
Both the houses unanimously voted not to join Pakistan. When Pakistan government couldn ’ t get the approval from the Baloch people ’ s representatives, they made an example in
history by passing a resolution from
Quetta Municipality majority (elected by
settlers) to vote in favour of Balochistan ’ s annexation to Pakistan. Physically it was not possible for Pakistan
government to announce the annexation
of Balochistan and make Balochistan a
part of Pakistan just by the approval of
Quetta Municipality. Another move
Pakistan made was to break Kalat State in to four parts. To exercise this plane Pakistan
government deployed its naval forces on
the coastline of Makaran (which was a
part of Kalat State) and declared it as
separate state, by appointing Nawab Bhai
Khan as ruler of Makaran State, for declaring exaction to Pakistan. After the
successful annexation of Makaran,
Pakistan Government forced two other
parts of Kalat, (Kharan and Lasbela) to
join Pakistan as separate states.
Ultimately Pakistan Army was sent to Kalat to suppress and kill those who
opposed annexation of Balochistan to
Pakistan. In 1956 Governor General Sakinder Mirza
dissolved all the states of Balochistan and
declared them the part of West Pakistan
as one unit.West Pakistan Assembly
passed the resolution Against One Unit. In 1958 President of Pakistan Sikandar
Mirza, encouraged Khan of Kalat to
demand restoration of Kalat State. When
Khan of Kalat did it Sikandar Mirza
declared Khan as traitor of Pakistan. On
8th of October 1958 Sikandar Mirza sent Pakistan troops to arrest Khan of Kalat
with rest of family, suppressed the
supporter and declared martial law in the
hole of the country and Khan of Kalat was
sent to Jail in Punjab.
People started defying the Government for not implementing the anti one unit
resolution and restoring back the status
quo. On 18th of December 1958 Army
operation started in Jhalawan in
Balochistan, many political activist and
civilians were murdered by army. The
operation continued for more then 2
years. Nawab Nouroz Khan with his sons and
comrades took to hills and were fighting
against the army. He was ultimately
tricked under oath of Quran for the
demands being excepted and made to lay
down his arms. But when he descended from mountains he along with all his
comrades were arrested and thrown into
the notorious army operated torture
camp called Kooli Camp. The atrocities
and inhuman treatment was matted out
to the inmates of that camp for 2 years. Many of the inmates were tried in the
military courts and sent to the gallows or
transportation for life. In 1962, general elections were held
under Ayubs new constitution. In
Balochistan there were only two national
assembly seats, which were won by
Nawab Khair Baksh Marri and Sardar
Attaullah Mengal. In the first session of the national
assembly Sardar Attaullah Mengal in his
speech belied Ayub Khans claim that the
Marshal law was blood less which he was
boosting upon he also gave details of the
inhuman treatment matted out during the martial law to the people of
Balochistan. Nawab Khair Baksh Marri in
his speech, during that session rubbed
more salt on Ayub Khans wounds. This was enough for a military dictators
bull as a red rag and the result was
immediately after the session
government started arresting political
workers and throwing them behind bars.
Among them were Sardar Attaullah Mengal, Mir Ghus Bux Bizanjo and Nawab
Akbar Khan Bugti. In November 1962 Mr
Mengal was released on bail by the high
court when the assembly was in session
he went and made another speech
against the undemocratic attitude of the Government and was reasserted and sent
to jail. Because of the high handedness of the
government people of Balochistan
reacted sharply, to which Government
sent the army into the interior of
Balochistan to teach the people of
Balochistan a lesson. Thus another army operation took place which included Ariel
bombardment as well. Innumerable
people including women and children
were killed and hundreds were arrested
and thrown behind the bars some of
whom died in jail. The Government having failed to suppress the uprising of the
people ultimately released all those in jail
unilaterally in 1967. Ayub Khan was removed from power and
Yahya Khan took over Yahya Khan
dissolve one unit and restored the
provinces including Balochistan, he held
elections in 1970 where NAP National
Awami Party returned in majority in the Balochistan assembly and single majority
party in NWFP. By that time the blood thirsty Generals
gave a bloody parting kick to east
Pakistan and remaining minority of west
Pakistan was declared as Pakistan with
Bhutto in power. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was
unveiling to hand over power to the elected representatives of NAP in
Balochistan and NWFP. He did realise the
sensitiveness of the satiation and the
army being busy on the Indian border,
was left with no other alternative but to
hand over the power to NAP in both the provinces. The federal Government started hatching
conspiracies against the provincial
governments in order to destabilise them.
And when the army was relived from the
Indian borders Mr Bhutto didn’ t wait long and ordered the army to move in to the
interior of Balochistan and then
dismissed the Governments both in NWFP
and Balochistan. All the leaders political
workers were put behind bars against
whom the charge was framed after 3 years, ban was put on NAP. People were butchered to the extent that
Children were killed and their bodies
were not allowed to be buried and hungry
dogs were left to feast on them. This was
done by the same patriotic army who
refused to learn any lesson from East Pakistan departure. Alive people were
thrown down from choppers on their
villages to set example as a mark of love
for the people of Balochistan. Thousands
of people were killed in those army
operations, which continued for 5 years. Thousands were rendered homeless with
their livestock taken away by the starving
army Jawans as booty. Thousands other
were forced to flee to Afghanistan which
they had to stay more then a decade in
destitute. And when they returned home they were starving not with a penny left
in their pockets and most of them were
suffering from tuberculoses because of
under nourishment. Not one person among those who
returned was rehabilitated by the
Government of Pakistan, on the contrary
they are being hunted upon even to this
day by the Government of Pakistan who
so ever was in power.
14.8.02 Speech by: Balach Marri

history of balochistan

History Balochistan’ s unforgiving landscape and fiercely independent peoples have made
it perilous to invade and – until the discovery of natural gas – unrewarding to rule. Even today, the writ of the
government is light at best, and its
inhabitants regard themselves as among
the toughest and bravest people on earth.
These factors collide to make Balochistan
one of contemporary Pakistan ’ s prime political flashpoints. Evidence from Mehrgarh – the oldest known archaeological site on the
subcontinent – and elsewhere indicates that Balochistan was inhabited as early as
the Stone Age and was part of an ancient
line of communication between the Indus
Valley and Persia, and then Mesopotamia. Cyrus the Great conquered the
inhospitable coastal belt known as the
Makran in the 6th century BC. The Persians
subsequently went on to rule all of
Balochistan until Alexander the Great tore
through in 330 BC, although even that great figure ran into trouble here, beaten
by the desert rather than the locals. In subsequent times the region
encountered numerous power shifts that
included the Kushans, Arabs, Mongols,
Persians and Mughals. A unity of sorts
coalesced around the Khans of Kalat in
the 15th century, which prevailed until the British arrived in the mid-1800s. Following a disastrous war in Afghanistan in the 1840s, the British moved on Balochistan to protect their
back door to India, but didn’ t formally declare the region British territory until
1887. Following this, Balochistan was
established as an agency under the direct
responsibility of the governor general of India, and was ruled with the lightest of touches. Balochi feudal chiefs retained
considerable control over the
administration of tribal justice, collection
of revenue and levying of tribal armies,
while the British controlled courts of
appeal and arbitrated in intertribal disputes. At the time of Partition in 1947, military
coercion forced the tribal chiefs to give up
their powers. However, with little
investment in infrastructure both before
and since Independence, central control
over the province has remained weak, with intertribal fighting and instability a
persistent theme of recent times. The 1952 discovery of natural gas at Sui in
east Balochistan only compounded
matters. Balochis saw little dividend from
their natural wealth and political
alienation led to full-blown conflict in the
1970s that saw direct military rule imposed on the province. After two
decades of relative calm, increased gas
exploitation and political backsliding
from Islamabad fanned the flames of discontent until insurgency broke out
again in 2005. Widespread violence was
only temporarily halted by the army ’ s killing of the Baloch nationalist leader
Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti a year later, and
the calamity of the huge floods that
swept Balochistan in the summer of 2007.